Adhesion and Cohesion Strength of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Mixed with Different Types and Levels of Catalyst for Wood Composites

Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin is one of the most well-known adhesives for exterior use. PF adhesive commercial thermoset polymers that used extensively due to its many benefits. This study investigated influence different types and levels catalysts, i.e., NaOH CaCO3 at 1% 5% based on solids content properties, adhesion, cohesion strength resin. The results show catalyst type significantly influenced viscosity pH. Furthermore, level affected adhesive’s content, viscosity, gelation time. PF-CaCO3-1% was more significant than control 75 °C. According DMA analysis, mixed PF-NaOH-5% provided highest storage modulus, followed by PF-CaCO3-1%, with values were not statistically from another. adhesion highest, whereas lowest, as confirmed strength. findings, adding CaCO3-1% a would result in better properties wood composites future.